Do footnotes go before or after the period? This is a common question among writers and editors, especially when it comes to formatting academic papers or formal documents. The answer, however, may not be as straightforward as one might think, as it depends on the specific style guide being followed.
Footnotes are used to provide additional information, clarify points, or cite sources that are not directly mentioned in the main text. They are typically placed at the bottom of the page where the reference appears. The placement of the period, on the other hand, is determined by the rules of punctuation in the language being used.
In the English language, the general rule is that the period should come after the reference in the text, followed by the footnote number. This means that footnotes generally go after the period. For example, “The study by Smith and Johnson (2020) provides evidence to support this claim.” In this case, the period comes after the year in parentheses, and the reader can find the full reference at the bottom of the page.
However, some style guides may have different rules. For instance, the Modern Language Association (MLA) style recommends placing the period before the footnote number in the text. This is because MLA style emphasizes the readability of the text and wants to minimize distractions for the reader. In an MLA-formatted document, the example would look like this: “The study by Smith and Johnson (2020).”
On the other hand, the American Psychological Association (APA) style suggests placing the period after the reference in the text. This is because APA style prioritizes the clarity of the reference and wants to ensure that the reader can easily locate the source. Therefore, an APA-formatted document would read: “The study by Smith and Johnson (2020).”
It is essential for writers and editors to consult the specific style guide they are following to determine the correct placement of footnotes and periods. Failure to adhere to these guidelines can lead to confusion or even rejection of the document by academic institutions or publishers.
In conclusion, the question of whether footnotes go before or after the period depends on the style guide being used. While the general rule in English is to place the period after the reference, it is crucial to check the specific guidelines of the style guide in question to ensure proper formatting. By following these rules, writers can maintain consistency and clarity in their work.
